Chips, litografia, eficiência, quântica: mais cálculo com menos watts, e o que faremos com ele.
A computação é o recurso escondido de tudo o resto: sem chips eficientes não há inteligência artificial, nem veículos autónomos, nem redes inteligentes. A secção segue a litografia que desce — 2 nanómetros e além —, as arquiteturas que fazem mais operações por watt, as memórias, as interligações e a computação quântica quando produz resultados verificáveis em vez de promessas.
Lemos os roteiros da TSMC, da Samsung, da Intel e das fundições chinesas, as publicações de arquitetura, os benchmarks independentes. O ângulo é constante: a eficiência — o cálculo por unidade de energia — conta mais do que a potência bruta, porque é ela que decide o que vai realmente funcionar, do centro de dados ao telefone. Cada artigo dá as suas ordens de grandeza e cita as suas fontes.
ALICE observed suppressed neutral-pion production in oxygen–oxygen collisions, matching a signature seen in lead–lead collisions.
The MV3564 and MV3514 combine a VCO and multi-PLL synchronization on TSMC’s 40nm RF CMOS process.
The chip supports optical-switch products with up to 400 by 400 ports.
A calcium-40 ion served as a microscopic sensor inside an electromagnetic trap.
UT Austin and TSMC tested magnetic-memory chips for AI tasks, including inference and neural-network training.
Researchers in Shanghai used Step-Eva to grow single-crystal metal contacts directly on 2D semiconductors.
KIMS used amorphous silicon, tellurium and an electric-field layer on flexible polyimide.
Waseda researchers removed key constraints from a slime-mold model of the traveling-salesman problem.
CUDA Python 1.0 bundles several packages under a shared versioning strategy.
The new GPU scheduler allocates compute time based on usage instead of strictly by queue order.
The material is only a few molecules thick and changes its electronic properties with light.
Shunkai launched at the Institute for Molecular Science with about 50 qubits and a QPU from Infleqtion.
The AGI CPU has up to 136 Neoverse V3 cores across two dies.
Wits and Bordeaux researchers encoded data in light topology, a property that can survive severe beam distortion.
Tests on Semianalysis’s InferenceX benchmark put Jalapeño ahead of Nvidia Blackwell on two efficiency measures.
The M6 is Apple’s first 2nm chip, with a 12-core CPU, 12-core GPU and up to 32GB of unified memory.
The method screens color centers without the intensive simulations normally used to assess their optical losses.
The chip creates a structured microcomb: many precisely organized light frequencies at once.